Concrete is the most widely used material in civil engineering. This section covers the process of determining the correct proportions of cement, aggregates, and water to achieve desired strength, followed by the methods for proper hydration (curing).
A comparative study of two major structural materials. Steel is valued for its strength and ductility, while timber is a renewable resource favored for light construction and aesthetic appeal.
Topics include different types of structural steel sections and common defects in timber.